ἐπι - κέλλω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `drive (on) (tr. a. intr.), move, put (a ship) to shore, land',

Other forms: (gramm.), aor. κέλσαι (Od.; on the phonetics Schwyzer 285), fut. κέλσω (A., E.), κελῶ (H.)

Compounds: also with prefix, esp. ὀ-κέλλω, aor. ὀκεῖλαι (IA.), rarely ἐπι-, ἐγ-, εἰσ-, συγ-κέλσαι (ep., also Hp., Ar.), ἐπ-έκειλα Act. Ap. 27, 41.

Derivatives: Beside it κέλομαι (Il., Dor.), aor. ( ἐ)κέκλετο (Il.) with new present κέκλομαι (A. R.), ( ἐ)κελήσατο (Pi., Epich., Epid.), fut. κελήσομαι (κ 296), rarely with ἐπι-, παρα-, `drive on, exhort, call'. Further athematic κέντο (Alcm. 141) \< *κέλτο (on the phonetics Schwyzer 213, on the formation ibd. 678f.). - Derivv. κέλης, κελεύω, κλόνος, s. vv.

Origin: ( ὀ)κέλλω PGX. κέλομαι IEX [548] * kel- `drive on'

Etymology: κέλλω (yot-present) and κέλομαι, which are semantically close, exist unmixed side by side. That they are cognate is mostly not doubted, though for κέλομαι the meaning `call to' reminds of καλεῖν (thus Fraenkel Mélanges Boisacq 1, 367f., Specht KZ 59, 86ff.); but this meaning could have developed from `drive on, invite, summon. request' secondarily. - The other languages have no forms that agree closely with the Greek ones. Semantically closest is the secondary present Skt. kalayati ( kāl-) `drives'. Note also the root aorist Toch. A śäl, B śala `he brought', pl. kalar, śälāre (Pedersen Tocharisch 183ff.), with a nā- present källāṣ, källāṣṣäṃ; neither meaning nor form however is clear. The same holds for Alb. qil `bring, carry' and for Germ., e. g. Goth haldan `βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν', NHG halten. A nominal formation one might compare is Lat. celer `quick'; (quite uncertain however is Lat. celeber `populous, abounding in'. - Inspite of the differences in meaning one usually assumes that they have the same root (DELG). Connections with other languages are few and rather doubtful. Further there is the problem of ὀ-, which is assumed in ὄζος etc. The meaning of ( ὀ)κέλλω `run a ship aground', the usual way of landing (except in a harbour) is so concrete that I would assume a separate verb, but I see no further indications that the verb is Pre-Greek; perh. the ὀ- is Pre-Greek.

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ἐπι-κέλλω, hinantreiben, bes. vom Schiffe: aus Land rudern, appellere navem; auch vom Schiffe selbst; scheinbar intransitiv: landen

     ἐπικέλλω

     ἐπι-κέλλω

    (fut. ἐπικέλσω, aor. ἐπέκελσα)

    1) подводить к берегу, причаливать

    

(πρὴν νῆας ἐπικέλσαι Hom.)

    2) приставать к берегу или высаживаться на берег Hom.

κέλομαι, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg. κέλεαι, sts. disyll., Il.24.434, Od.4.812, 10.337: [tense] impf.

A

κελόμην Il.1.386

,

ἐκέλευ Theoc.3.11

,

κέλετο Il.15.119

([dialect] Dor.

κέντο Alcm.141

, acc. to Eust.756.30),

ἐκέλετο IG42(1).122.35

(Epid., iv B.C.): [tense] fut.

κελήσομαι Od.10.296

: [tense] aor. 1 ἐκελήσατο, κελήσατο, Epich.71, 99, Pi.O.13.80, I.6(5).37, IG42(1).121.108 (Epid., iv B.C.): [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor.2 ἐκέκλετο, κέκλετο, Il.11.285, 16.421, Hes.Sc. 341: hence was formed by later Poets [tense] pres. [full] κέκλομαι A.R.1.716, etc.; [dialect] Dor. opt.

κεκλοίμαν A.Supp. 591

(lyr.); part. κεκλόμενος, v. infr. 11.1; imper. κέκλεο and

κέκλου Hsch.

(this [tense] pres. used in pass. sense by Man.2.251, 3.319): poet. (also in [dialect] Dor.Prose, IGll. cc., al. (Epid., iv B.C.), cf.infr.11;

ὅν κα κέλωνται τοὶ ἱαροποιοί Abh.Berl.Akad.1928(6).12

(Cos, iv B.C.)): [voice] Act. [tense] aor. 1

ἐκέλησεν Hsch.

:— = κελεύω, urge, exhort, command.—Constr. like κελεύω:

1 c.acc.pers.et inf., Il.5.810, 16.657, al., Alc.46, Pi. Il.cc., A.Ag. 1119 (lyr.); of the commands of a god, IG42(1).121.50 (Epid., iv B.C.), al.; μεταλλῆσαί τί ἑ θυμὸς.. κέλεται, καὶ κήδεά περ πεπαθυίῃ (instead of - υῖαν) Od.17.555.

2 c.dat.pers.et inf.,

φυλασσέμεναί τε κέλονται ἀλλήλοις Il.10.419

: more freq. without inf.,

Ἀργείοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας 6.66

; ἀμφιπόλοισι κέκλετο ib. 287;

ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο 8.184

;

ἀλλήλοισι κέλεσθε 12.274

.

3 abs., κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε for [so] I advise, 23.894, Od.17.400;

κέλεαι γάρ 5.98

;

ἐγὼ κέλομαι καὶ ἄνωγα 3.317

; ἐπὶ δ' Ἕκτορι κέκλετο θυμὸς (sc. ἑ ἰέναι) Il. 16.382; less freq. of things, ἰαίνετο κηρός, ἐπεὶ κέλετο μεγάλη ἴς the wax melted, since mighty force constrained it, Od.12.175;

ὡς.. παρ' ἡμετέρης κέλεται πιστώματα Μούσης Emp.5

.

II call to,

κέκλετο δ' Ἥφαιστον Il.18.391

; call upon for aid, h. Cer.21;

πρῶτά σε κεκλόμενος, θύγατερ Διός S.OT 159

(lyr.), cf. A.Supp. 591 (lyr.);

ἄν μὴ κελομένου πρίαται Milet.3.140C56

(iii B.C.), cf. Leg.Gort.6.48, Schwyzer 181v4,8 ([place name] Crete).

2 call by name,

νιν ὄρνιχος κέκλετ' ἐπώνυμον Pi. I.6(5).53

. (κέλομαι, κέλλω, κελεύω may be cogn. with Skt. kalayati 'push', Lat. celer.)

ὀτρύν-ω [pron. full] [ῡ], [dialect] Ep. inf.

A

ὀτρυνέμεν Il.4.286

: [tense] impf.

ὤτρυνον Hom.

(v. infr.), etc.; Iterat.

ὀτρύνεσκον Il.24.24

: [tense] fut.

ὀτρῠνέω Hom.

(v. infr.): [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor.

ὄτρῡνα Od.17.430

:—[voice] Med. or [voice] Pass., only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. (v. infr.): poet. Verb, the compd. ἐπ-οτρύνω being used in Prose: (v. sub fin.):—stir up, egg on, encourage, esp. to battle, to any sudden or violent exertion, τινα Il.5.482, 10.158, etc.;

τί με σπεύδοντα καὶ αὐτὸν ὀτρύνεις

;

8.294

;

ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου 5.470

: freq. c. inf.,

ὀπτῆρας.. ὄτρυνα νέεσθαι Od.17.430

;

ὀ. τινὰ μάχεσθαι Il.4.294

, 414, etc.;

γήμασθαι Od. 19.158

, etc.;

ἡμέας ὀτρύνων καταπαυέμεν 2.244

: without inf., ἦ τιν' ἑταίρων ὀτρυνέεις Τρώεσσιν ἐπίσκοπον (sc. ἰέναι) ; Il.10.38;

ὃν ναῶν Ἕκτωρ ὤτρυνε κατόπταν E.Rh. 558

(lyr.): with Preps., Ἑρμείαν.. νῆσον ἐς Ὠγυγίην ὀτρύνομεν (sc. ἰέναι) Od.1.85, cf. Il.15.59;

σέ γε θυμὸς ὀ. ἐπὶ νῆας 24.289

;

τὸν δ' ὀ. πόλιν εἴσω Od. 15.40

;

ποτὶ δῶμα 17.75

;

προτὶ Ἴλιον Il.19.156

;

πόλινδε Od.15.306

;

πόλεμόνδε Il.2.589

;

ποτὶ βουθυσίαν Ἥρας Pi.N.10.23

: rarely folld. by

ὡς, Ὀδυσῆα ὄτρυν', ὡς ἂν πύρνα.. ἀγείροι Od. 17.362

: rarely also c. dat. pers. et inf.,

ὤτρυνον.. θεραπόντεσσιν φυλάξαι Pi.P.4.41

:—[voice] Med. or [voice] Pass., rouse oneself, bestir oneself, hasten, c. inf.,

ἕπεσθαι Od.10.425

;

ὀτρυνώμεθ' ἀμυνέμεν ἀλλήλοισιν Il.14.369

, cf. Od.17.183;

ὑμεῖς δ' ὀτρύνεσθαι.., ὥς κ' ἐμὲ.. ἐπιβήσετε πάτρης 7.222

:—the [voice] Act. in this intr. sense is only f.l. in Il. 7.420.

2 less freq. of animals, urge on, cheer on,

οὐρῆας 23.111

;

ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας 16.167

, etc.;

κύνας 18.584

.

3 of things, urge forward, quicken, speed,

πομπὴν ὀτρύνετε Od.7.151

, cf. 8.30;

τούτῳ δ' ὀτρυνέει Μέντωρ ὁδόν 2.253

;

ἀγγελίην ὀτρύνομεν 16.355

;

μάχην ὤτρυνον Ἀχαιῶν Il.12.277

; βοὰν ὤτρυνε λαῶν roused the shouts of the people, B.8.35 (s. v.l.).—[dialect] Ep. Verb, used now and then by Trag., in lyr., A. Th. 726, E.Rh.25, 558: in trim., S.Aj.60, 771, El.28, E.Alc. 755: rare even in later Prose, Arist.Mu. 399b11. (Prob. ὀ-τρῠ-ν-yω, with ὀ- prefix (as in ὀ-κέλλω) ; -τρῠ- perh. cogn. with Skt. tvárate 'hasten'.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to reach out (one's hand), to hand, to stretch oneself out, to stretch out for'; on the Hom. use Trümpy Fachausdrücke 118f. Other presentforms: 1. ptc. ὀρεγ-νύς (Α 351, Χ 37), - νύμενος (AP, Mosch.); 2. ὀριγ-νάομαι (Hes. Sc. 190, Herod., Theoc.), with the innovated aor. ὠριγν-ήθην (Antipho Soph., Isoc.), fut. - ήσομαι (D. C.); on ι as stemvowel cf. κίρνημι (s. κεράννυμι w. lit.).

Other forms: Aor. ὀρέξαι, - ασθαι, fut. ὀρέξω, - ομαι (Il.), pf. a. plqu. midd. pl. ὀρωρέχαται, - το (Il.), ὤρεγμαι (Hp.), aor. pass. ὀρεχθῆναι (E., X., Hp. Ep.).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, esp. ἐπ-.

Derivatives: 1. ὀρεκτός `stretched out' (Β 543, Str.; see Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 20) `desired, longed for' (Arist.) with ὀρεκτ-εῖν ἐπι-θυμεῖν, - ιῶν ἐπιθυμῶν H.; ἀν-όρεκτος `without desire for, undesired' (Arist.; functionally to ὄρεξις) with ἀνορ-εκτέω, - εξία (late). 2. ὄρεγμα n. `the stretching out (e.g. of the hand, also of the foot), step', also as measure of length (A., E., Arist., Tab. Heracl.). 3. ὄρεξις f. `desire, appetency' (Democr., Arist.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 126) with ὀρεκτικός `inclined, prone to desire' (Arist., Arr.), `rousing the appetite' (Dsc.). 4. ὀρέγ-δην `by stretching out' (sch., H.). -- On ὄργυια s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [854] *h₃reǵ- `make straight, direct'

Etymology: Exept for init. ὀ-, rather because of the o-colour a prefix than in ὀ-κέλλω a prothesis (diff. Schwyzer 411), ὀρέγω agrees as themat. root-present with Lat. regō `direct straight, lead, direct, govern' and OIr. rigim `stretch out'; also agree, butß for the vowelquantity, ὀρέξαι to Lat. rēxī and ὀρεκτός to rēctus (ē can be secondary length.), to which also Germ., e.g. Goth. raíhts ` recht', Av. rā̆šta- `directed, ordened, straight'. Genetically independent are the formally agreeing ὄρεγμα, Av. rasman- m. n. `line of battle', Lat. reg-i-men n. `leadership'. Whether there is old connection between the isolately attested ptc. ὀρεγ-νύς, - νύμενος and the Av. adj. raš-nu- `straight' is uncertain; the present ὀριγ-νάομαι with suffixed nasal is rather far off from the nasalinfixed Skt. r̥-ñ-játi `stretches itself, runs'. The group presents many forms, presentformations and verbal nouns, which are not useful for the straight and very regular Greek system (on ὀρωρέχαται, - το s. Schwyzer 771). -- WP. 2, 362ff., Pok. 854ff., W.-Hofmann s. regō, w. rich lit.; Ernout-Meillet s. rĕgō with important notes; also Gonda KZ 73, 151 ff. -- (There is no connection with ἀρήγω.)

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